NS3 LTE: a Summary: NS3 is a type of network simulation tool that simulates the given network in its unique characteristics called performance metrics. In case of that, the term LTE stands for the Long Term Evolution, which is in name of immortality across generations. Combining this network simulator with the LTE network, unlock the research gateway with various aspects of the researching subdomains.
“Through this article, we are attempting to enable your vision over the LTE network simulation and you can get the techniques, parameters, selecting the simulation tool for LTE network and our knowledge over the NS3 LTE!!”
Advantages of NS3 LTE
The major advantage of LTE lies in the Channel realization, which executes the whole propagation model utilized by the channel to calculate the packet loss in the signal broadcast. The elements of channel realization are intended to create all pairs of UE – eNB
Purpose of LTE modules
When it comes to the modules, NS3 has an in-built LTE module to perform simulation. It doesn’t need to have any foreign module for the simulation purpose.
Significant classes of LTE
LteHarqPhy: it is used to apply the functions of HARQ that are associated with the physical layer like an increase to manage the termination
LteFfrAlgorithm: at the application process of this class, there is a dependency of FR policy to reuse the frequency that requests the scheduler to distribute the RB
The above-mentioned classes are the notable classes of LTE simulation. These are existing samples for our research purpose apart from that we are intended to afford you the integrated tools of LTE as follows
Importance and purpose of integrated tools
For simulation, the NS3 has LTE as a typically integrated tool, for the high evaluation of the performance of the network.
Remarkable NS3 LTE programming languages
For the NS3 simulator, the programing language is C++
Appropriate OS for LTE
- 32-bit Operating System (System Type)
- 4 GB (RAM)
- Intel® Pentium(R) CPU G2030 @ 3.00GHz × 2 (Processor)
And the supporting OS are
- Ubuntu-14.04
- Windows-7 32 bit
The system type and the Operating System software are more important to implement the simulation process. And our suggested Operating systems are good for effective simulation. In addition to the OS, we introduce you to the versions of LTE tools
Important Versions of LTE tools
- NS-3.26
- NS-3.31
The exceeding tools are the best of our recommendation by our engineering team implement for simulation. Besides, we give to the suitable stimulation protocols for LTE as follows
Notable LTE protocols
S1 Application Protocol (S1AP)
o It affords the control plane signaling to both the EPC and E-UTRAN. The user interface in this protocol is positioned among the eNB and MME and the user interface is S1-MME. We can get both UE related and non-UE related services separated in S1AP
X2 Application Protocol
o This class enables the control plane signaling among dual eNBs and E-UTRAN by the X32 interface. Generally, the x2 interface are purposed for
- UE related mobility procedures
- Dual connectivity procedures
- Global procedures among eNBs
` The above-mentioned protocols are considered as the important protocols for NS3 LTE simulation. In addition to the protocols
Advanced NS3 LTE subjects
The well-known architecture of the VSN enables the communication process among vehicle to vehicle, vehicle to RSU vise-versa, and RSU to RSU. These communications are possible with either Ethernet wired link or a cellular wireless link.
The idea of primary structure based on the hybrid LTE satellite or the terrestrial communications enables the data to be shared in the identical frequency band. In this process, the eNodeB of the SAE gateway receives the data from the satellite’s base station and transmits to the UE of both the hybrid satellite and the terrestrial eNodeB and the Internet enables the service.
The above is the real-time subjects of LTE. And these are our sample subjects of the NS3 LTE simulator. Besides the subjects, we offer you the major parameters, metrics, and QoS as follows.
Research Analysis on NS3 LTE
- Handoff Latency: it creates the packet loss and measures in terms of seconds (s). This parameter relies on certain features of
- Link delay
- Layer 2 delay
- Address resolution delay
- Protocol delay
- Node velocity: it calculates the undertaking of each node and stated in terms of (m/s)
- Power consumption: it calculates the quantity of energy utilized by the node. The energy consumption is measured in terms of milli joule (MJ) or joules.
The mentioned parameters are the metrics used to analyze the performance of the LTE network performance. These are the fundamental parameters of the network. Apart from the given parameters,
LTE subject wise modules
To execute the LTE simulation, the LTE itself is considered as one of the best subject-wise modules. Here is the major syntax of LTE as follows,
Notable LTE syntax
double
LteMiErrorModel::GetPcfichPdcchError (const SpectrumValue& sinr)
{
NS_LOG_FUNCTION (sinr);
double MI;
double MIsum = 0.0;
SpectrumValue sinrCopy = sinr;
Values::iterator sinrIt = sinrCopy.ValuesBegin ();
uint16_t rb = 0;D2D Communication
NS_ASSERT (sinrIt!=sinrCopy.ValuesEnd ());
while (sinrIt!=sinrCopy.ValuesEnd ())
{
double sinrLin = *sinrIt;
if (sinrLin > MI_map_qpsk_axis[MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE-1])
{
MI = 1;
}
else
{
// since the values in MI_map_qpsk_axis are uniformly spaced, we have
// index = ((sinrLin – value[0]) / (value[SIZE-1] – value[0])) * (SIZE-1)
// the scaling coefficient is always the same, so we use a static const
// to speed up the calculation
static const double scalingCoeffQpsk =
(MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE – 1) / (MI_map_qpsk_axis[MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE-1] – MI_map_qpsk_axis[0]);
double sinrIndexDouble = (sinrLin – MI_map_qpsk_axis[0]) * scalingCoeffQpsk + 1;
uint32_t sinrIndex = std::max(0.0, std::floor (sinrIndexDouble));
NS_ASSERT_MSG (sinrIndex < MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE, “MI map out of data”);
MI = MI_map_qpsk[sinrIndex];
}
MIsum += MI;
sinrIt++;
rb++;
}
MI = MIsum / rb;
// return to the effective SINR value
int j = 0;
double esinr = 0.0;
while ((j<MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE)&&(MI_map_qpsk[j] < MI))
{
j++;
}
if (MI > MI_map_qpsk[MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE-1])
{
esinr = MI_map_qpsk_axis[MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE-1];
}
else
{
NS_ASSERT_MSG (j<MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE, “MI map out of data”);
// take the closest value (when possible)
if (j>0)
{
if ((MI_map_qpsk[j]-MI)<(MI-MI_map_qpsk[j-1]))
{
esinr = MI_map_qpsk_axis[j];
}
else
{
esinr = MI_map_qpsk_axis[j-1];
}
}
else
{
esinr = MI_map_qpsk_axis[0];
}
}
double esirnDb = 10*log10 (esinr);
// NS_LOG_DEBUG (“Effective SINR ” << esirnDb << ” max ” << 10*log10 (MI_map_qpsk [MI_MAP_QPSK_SIZE-1]));
uint16_t i = 0;
double errorRate = 0.0;
while ((i<PDCCH_PCFICH_CURVE_SIZE)&&(PdcchPcfichBlerCurveXaxis[i] < esirnDb))
{
i++;
}
if (esirnDb > PdcchPcfichBlerCurveXaxis[PDCCH_PCFICH_CURVE_SIZE-1])
{
errorRate = 0.0;
}
else
{
NS_ASSERT_MSG (i<PDCCH_PCFICH_CURVE_SIZE, “PDCCH-PCFICH map out of data”);
errorRate = PdcchPcfichBlerCurveYaxis[i];
}
return (errorRate);
}
As we discussed earlier, the syntaxes may vary according to the network application. The above syntax we gave for the specified scenario of error model algorithm with channels of PCFICH+PDCCH. Along with the syntax, let’s have a look at the applications of Ns3 LTE
Significant NS3 LTE Applications
- Location-based services: this type of application involves in detecting the device by using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), which provides precise location but not in the case of condensed urban or in low satellite visibility.
- Communication applications: it is a fundamental application based on the utilities of LTE-A and Device-to-Device structure by enabling the UE or prose application with the E-UTRAN base station and it directs the signal to the cloud function and there is distributed to the receivers of MME, S/PGW, HSS, SLP, and Prose application server
Sensor Applications: This type of application is mainly used for the
- Smart city monitoring
- Crowdsensing devices like smartphones and watches
- Local measurements
- Local processing
Communication devices like VANET, LTE, 5G, WiFi, and ZigBee enables the data transmission to the cloud server, which serves as the data center for decision making by analyzing, merging, and scheduling the data. In addition to the applications, we provide you with our best algorithms of LTE
Our finest NS3 LTE algorithms
- Resource Block Preserver: It is a scheduling algorithm used to improve the downlink performance of the system, specified in the LTE network. It contains the upper and lower layer.
- Modified Largest Weighted Delay First: It is a fundamental scheduling algorithm to sustain the hybrid service like the real-time service in the wireless networks
- Priority scheduling algorithm: This algorithm allocates the scheduled packet bulks to every request in the wireless node of the LTE network. The connection request had categorized into three classes to assure various services.
Trending Research areas in NS3 LTE
- Cellular user Equipment pair Communication based on the system model among the UE and UL of CUEs in LTE-A networks
- Encryption and decryption process by involving the attacker’s sniffer and eNB
The above-given areas are considered to be the major and trending research areas, which have been identified as the research issues in the LTE domain. Along with the research areas, we provide you with the major process of Ns3 LTE.
The important process of LTE Simulation
The following are the important process of resource allocation
- Queuing the packets from the V2I UE
- Scheduling the packets based on throughput and buffer size
- Calculating the maximum sum rate
- Forwarding for resource allocation in the frequency domain
After this process, Resource allocation for V2V-UE with the received packet delay and scheduling queue packets of V2V- VE in the time domain. This is one of the main processes of V2V communications. The following are the major steps of NS3 LTE.
Significant steps of NS3 LTE
- The UEs of the LTE model sending signals to the nearby eNodeB
- The eNodeB interfaces the signals to the MME (Mobility Management Entity)
- The MME then transfers the S11 interface to the SGW gateway
- Passing interfaces to the internet cloud
- Distributing the signals to the network devices
The above major steps are the example for the sequencing process of LTE PDSCH. The steps may vary according to the applications we are commanding the network according to our needs. In addition to the steps, we provide the major protocols of the NS3LTE
Notable NS3LTE Routing Protocols
- FORP: it is also called the flow-oriented routing protocol which foresees the perishing time with the help of its mobility and location information node.
- RAR: well known as Radio-Aware Routing it is a mechanism than a protocol that utilizes the radio to predict the activities of one-hop routers nearby with the help of OSPV3 signals.
Apart from the above protocols, there are numerous protocols are available for the NS3LTE. In addition to the above protocols, here we reach the core point of the article. Here we provide you the suggestions of our research developers on the innovative project titles as listed below.
Trending NS3LTE project titles
- We help you in doing projects on the sensing data transmission process in selected routing with the help of LTE
- We help you in doing projects on packet transmission and route selection process with the help of LTE
- We help you in doing projects on packet transmission process based on the relay with the help of NS3 LTE
- We help you in doing projects on the packet transmission process with the help of LTE
- We help you in doing projects on cluster packet transmission process with the help of LTE
LTE network itself on the trending place, so the student’s or the scholars’ future depends on this domain is undoubtedly promising. There are many innovative subdomains on the NS3 LTE network and using the NS3 simulator in the LTE network provides multipath in the research field. On the whole our guidance and support over your desired domain of LTE network, we also afford you the specified project service along with our standard assignment and homework writing.
Not only for the project service but also we are well known for our providence of service that meets your standard. We don’t leave a chance for cashback.
To obtain your expected project outcomes, join us!!
